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Original Article
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- Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly Adults in Korea: Based on Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019 to 2020
- Seung-Hyun Ko, Kyung Do Han, Yong-Moon Park, Jae-Seung Yun, Kyuho Kim, Jae-Hyun Bae, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Nan-Hee Kim
- Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(5):643-652. Published online August 7, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0041
- 2,264 View
- 207 Download
- 2 Web of Science
- 2 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
Supplementary Material
PubReader 
ePub - Background
We evaluated the prevalence and management of diabetes mellitus (DM) in elderly Korean patients based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
Methods
A total of 3,068 adults aged 65 years and older (19.8% of total population) were analyzed using KNHANES from 2019 to 2020. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates, and comorbidities were analyzed. Lifestyle behaviors and energy intake were also measured.
Results
The prevalence of DM and prediabetes was 29.6% and 50.5%, respectively. The awareness, treatment and control rates were 76.4%, 73.3%, and 28.3%, respectively. The control rate was 77.0% if A1C <7.5% criteria was used. The mean A1C value of individuals with known DM was 7.1%, and 14.5% of the known DM patients had A1C ≥8.0%. Abdominal obesity, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia were combined with DM in 63.9%, 71.7%, and 70.7%, respectively, and the rate of integrated management was 36.0% (A1C <7.5% criteria). A total of 40.1% of those with DM walked regularly. The percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates was higher in those with DM than in those without DM (P=0.044), while those of fat (P=0.003) and protein (P=0.025) were lower in those with DM than in those without DM in women.
Conclusion
In 2019 to 2020, three of 10 adults aged 65 years and older in Korea had DM, and approximately 70% of them had comorbidities. A strategy for more individualized comprehensive care for the elderly patients with DM is urgently needed. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Association Between High Blood Folate Levels and Glaucoma in a Representative Korean Population
Ji Young Lee, Jin A. Choi, Sung Pyo Park, Donghyun Jee
Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science.2024; 65(1): 6. CrossRef - The Growing Challenge of Diabetes Management in an Aging Society
Seung-Hwan Lee
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2023; 47(5): 630. CrossRef
- Association Between High Blood Folate Levels and Glaucoma in a Representative Korean Population
Review
- Guideline/Fact Sheet
- 2021 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Mellitus in Korea
- Kyu Yeon Hur, Min Kyong Moon, Jong Suk Park, Soo-Kyung Kim, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae-Seung Yun, Jong Ha Baek, Junghyun Noh, Byung-Wan Lee, Tae Jung Oh, Suk Chon, Ye Seul Yang, Jang Won Son, Jong Han Choi, Kee Ho Song, Nam Hoon Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Jin Wha Kim, Sang Youl Rhee, You-Bin Lee, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim, Chong Hwa Kim, Dae Jung Kim, SungWan Chun, Eun-Jung Rhee, Hyun Min Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Donghyun Jee, Jae Hyun Kim, Won Seok Choi, Eun-Young Lee, Kun-Ho Yoon, Seung-Hyun Ko, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines, Korean Diabetes Association
- Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(4):461-481. Published online July 30, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0156
- 23,954 View
- 1,626 Download
- 121 Web of Science
- 140 Crossref
-
Graphical Abstract
Abstract
PDFPubReader ePub - The Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Korean Diabetes Association (KDA) updated the previous clinical practice guidelines for Korean adults with diabetes and prediabetes and published the seventh edition in May 2021. We performed a comprehensive systematic review of recent clinical trials and evidence that could be applicable in real-world practice and suitable for the Korean population. The guideline is provided for all healthcare providers including physicians, diabetes experts, and certified diabetes educators across the country who manage patients with diabetes or the individuals at the risk of developing diabetes mellitus. The recommendations for screening diabetes and glucose-lowering agents have been revised and updated. New sections for continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pump use, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with diabetes mellitus have been added. The KDA recommends active vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with diabetes during the pandemic. An abridgement that contains practical information for patient education and systematic management in the clinic was published separately.
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Citations
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Response
- Status of Diabetic Neuropathy in Korea: A National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort Analysis (2006 to 2015) (Diabetes Metab J 2021;45:115-9)
- Seong-Su Moon, Chong Hwa Kim, Seon Mee Kang, Eun Sook Kim, Tae Jung Oh, Jae-Seung Yun, Ho Chan Cho, Dae Jung Kim, Tae Sun Park
- Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(3):459-460. Published online May 25, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0084
- 3,812 View
- 77 Download
- 1 Web of Science
- 1 Crossref
Original Article
- Guideline/Fact Sheet
- Diabetes Fact Sheets in Korea, 2020: An Appraisal of Current Status
- Chan-Hee Jung, Jang Won Son, Shinae Kang, Won Jun Kim, Hun-Sung Kim, Hae Soon Kim, Mihae Seo, Hye-Jung Shin, Seong-Su Lee, Su Jin Jeong, Yongin Cho, Seung Jin Han, Hyang Mi Jang, Mira Rho, Shinbi Lee, Mihyun Koo, Been Yoo, Jung-Wha Moon, Hye Young Lee, Jae-Seung Yun, Sun Young Kim, Sung Rae Kim, In-Kyung Jeong, Ji-Oh Mok, Kun Ho Yoon
- Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(1):1-10. Published online January 13, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0254
- 21,645 View
- 1,154 Download
- 130 Web of Science
- 159 Crossref
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Abstract
PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader ePub
- Background
This study aimed to investigate the recent prevalence, management, and comorbidities of diabetes among Korean adults aged ≥30 years by analyzing nationally representative data.
Methods
This study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2018, and the percentage and total number of people ≥30 years of age with diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were estimated.
Results
In 2018, 13.8% of Korean adults aged ≥30 years had diabetes, and adults aged ≥65 years showed a prevalence rate of 28%. The prevalence of IFG was 26.9% in adults aged ≥30 years. From 2016 to 2018, 35% of the subjects with diabetes were not aware of their condition. Regarding comorbidities, 53.2% and 61.3% were obese and hypertensive, respectively, and 72% had hypercholesterolemia as defined by low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥100 mg/dL in people with diabetes. Of the subjects with diabetes, 43.7% had both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. With regard to glycemic control, only 28.3% reached the target level of <6.5%. Moreover, only 11.5% of subjects with diabetes met all three targets of glycosylated hemoglobin, blood pressure, and LDL-C. The percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates was higher in diabetes patients than in those without diabetes, while that from protein and fat was lower in subjects with diabetes.
Conclusion
The high prevalence and low control rate of diabetes and its comorbidities in Korean adults were confirmed. More stringent efforts are needed to improve the comprehensive management of diabetes to reduce diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. -
Citations
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CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2023; 41(7): 539. CrossRef - Chronic disease management program applied to type 2 diabetes patients and prevention of diabetic complications: a retrospective cohort study using nationwide data
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Nutrients.2022; 14(3): 654. CrossRef - Comparison of Health Outcomes by Care Provider Type for Newly Diagnosed Mild Type 2 Diabetes Patients in South Korea: A Retrospective Cohort Study
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Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics.2022; 47(7): 1028. CrossRef - Differences in the gut microbiome composition of Korean children and adult samples based on different DNA isolation kits
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Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2022; 150: 112976. CrossRef - Cumulative Exposure to High γ-Glutamyl Transferase Level and Risk of Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(4): 620. CrossRef - Reproductive Life Span and Severe Hypoglycemia Risk in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Nutrients.2022; 14(15): 3086. CrossRef - The Association of Pachydrusen Characteristics with Choroidal Thickness and Patient’s Age in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy versus Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
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The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care.2022; 48(5): 362. CrossRef - Prediction Model for Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Using Korean Public Health Examination Data (2002–2017)
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Diagnostics.2022; 12(8): 1967. CrossRef - Recent Increases in Influenza-Related Hospitalizations, Critical Care Resource Use, and In-Hospital Mortality: A 10-Year Population-Based Study in South Korea
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Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Experience of Elderly Korean Women with Diabetes and Multimorbidity in Elderly Couple Households: A Qualitative Study
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(5): 803. CrossRef - Analysis of the Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Renal Function in Middle-Aged Patients with Diabetes
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(18): 11832. CrossRef - Exploring the risk factors of impaired fasting glucose in middle-aged population living in South Korean communities by using categorical boosting machine
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Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders.2022; 20(10): 599. CrossRef - Lifestyle changes and risk of tuberculosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide cohort study
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Frontiers in Endocrinology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Analysis of Clinical and Functional Outcomes according to the Blood Sugar Control Status at the Time of Ankle Fractures Resulting from Rotational Injuries
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Journal of the Korean Fracture Society.2022; 35(4): 135. CrossRef - Differences in health behavior and nutrient intake status between diabetes-aware and unaware Korean adults based on the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey 2016–18 data: A cross-sectional study
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Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Musculoskeletal complications in patients with diabetes mellitus
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Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(5): 406. CrossRef - Improving Machine Learning Diabetes Prediction Models for the Utmost Clinical Effectiveness
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Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(11): 1899. CrossRef - Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity as a predictor of long-term cardiovascular events in 2174 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study
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- 호남권 지역주민의 건강행태와 만성질환 관리현황
Brief Report
- Complications
- Status of Diabetic Neuropathy in Korea: A National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort Analysis (2006 to 2015)
- Seong-Su Moon, Chong Hwa Kim, Seon Mee Kang, Eun Sook Kim, Tae Jung Oh, Jae-Seung Yun, Ho Chan Cho, Dae Jung Kim, Tae Sun Park
- Diabetes Metab J. 2021;45(1):115-119. Published online December 18, 2020
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2020.0120
- 7,022 View
- 275 Download
- 9 Web of Science
- 10 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader ePub
- This report presents the status of diabetic neuropathy (DN) in Korea as determined using a National Health Insurance ServiceNational Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC). Annual prevalences of DN were estimated by age and gender using descriptive statistics. Pharmacological treatments for DN were also analyzed. The annual prevalence of DN increased from 24.9% in 2006 to 26.6% in 2007, and thereafter, gradually subsided to 20.8% in 2015. In most cases, pharmacological treatments involved a single drug, which accounted for 91.6% of total prescriptions in 2015. The most commonly used drugs (in decreasing order) were thioctic acid, an anti-convulsive agent, or a tricyclic antidepressant. In conclusion, the prevalence of DN decreased over the 10-year study period. Thioctic acid monotherapy was usually prescribed for DN. To reduce the socio-economic burden of DN, more attention should be paid to the diagnosis of this condition and to the appropriate management of patients.
-
Citations
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Hyunji Koo, Seung Hun You, Sewon Park, Kyeong Hye Jeong, Nakyung Jeon, Sun-Young Jung
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Chang-Woo Lee, Joon-Soo Jin, Seungwon Kwon, Chul Jin, Seung-Yeon Cho, Seong-Uk Park, Woo-Sang Jung, Sang-Kwan Moon, Jung-Mi Park, Chang-Nam Ko, Ki-Ho Cho
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Seong-Su Moon, Chong Hwa Kim, Seon Mee Kang, Eun Sook Kim, Tae Jung Oh, Jae-Seung Yun, Ho Chan Cho, Dae Jung Kim, Tae Sun Park
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Letter
- Letter: Features of Long-Standing Korean Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy: A Study Based on Standardized Clinical Data (
Diabetes Metab J 2017;41:393-404) - Jae-Seung Yun
- Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(6):492-493. Published online December 20, 2017
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.6.492
- 2,834 View
- 26 Download
Response
- Response: Clinical Course and Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korea (
Diabetes Metab J 2016;40:482-93) - Jae-Seung Yun, Seung-Hyun Ko
- Diabetes Metab J. 2017;41(1):77-78. Published online February 16, 2017
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.1.77
- 2,595 View
- 26 Download
Original Articles
- Complications
- Clinical Course and Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korea
- Jae-Seung Yun, Tae-Seok Lim, Seon-Ah Cha, Yu-Bae Ahn, Ki-Ho Song, Jin A Choi, Jinwoo Kwon, Donghyun Jee, Yang Kyung Cho, Yong-Moon Park, Seung-Hyun Ko
- Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(6):482-493. Published online October 5, 2016
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.6.482
- 4,536 View
- 63 Download
- 30 Web of Science
- 34 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReader
Background We investigated clinical course and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods A total of 759 patients with T2DM without DR were included from January 2001 to December 2004. Retinopathy evaluation was performed at least annually by ophthalmologists. The severity of the DR was classified into five categories according to the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scales.
Results Of the 759 patients, 523 patients (68.9%) completed the follow-up evaluation. During the follow-up period, 235 patients (44.9%) developed DR, and 32 patients (13.6%) progressed to severe nonproliferative DR (NPDR) or proliferative DR (PDR). The mean duration of diabetes at the first diagnosis of mild NPDR, moderate NPDR, and severe NPDR or PDR were 14.8, 16.7, and 17.3 years, respectively. After adjusting multiple confounding factors, the significant risk factors for the incidence of DR risk in patients with T2DM were old age, longer duration of diabetes, higher mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and albuminuria. Even in the patients who had been diagnosed with diabetes for longer than 10 years at baseline, a decrease in HbA1c led to a significant reduction in the risk of developing DR (hazard ratio, 0.73 per 1% HbA1c decrement; 95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 0.91;
P =0.005).Conclusion This prospective cohort study demonstrates that glycemic control, diabetes duration, age, and albuminuria are important risk factors for the development of DR. More aggressive retinal screening for T2DM patients diagnosed with DR should be required in order to not miss rapid progression of DR.
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- Complications
- Baseline-Corrected QT (QTc) Interval Is Associated with Prolongation of QTc during Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Seon-Ah Cha, Jae-Seung Yun, Tae-Seok Lim, Yoon-Goo Kang, Kang-Min Lee, Ki-Ho Song, Ki-Dong Yoo, Yong-Moon Park, Seung-Hyun Ko, Yu-Bae Ahn
- Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(6):463-472. Published online October 5, 2016
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.6.463
- 3,669 View
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Abstract
PDFPubReader
Background We investigated an association between baseline heart rate-corrected QT (QTc) interval before severe hypoglycemia (SH) and prolongation of QTc interval during SH in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods Between January 2004 and June 2014, 208 patients with T2DM, who visited the emergency department because of SH and underwent standard 12-lead electrocardiography within the 6-month period before SH were consecutively enrolled. The QTc interval was analyzed during the incidence of SH, and 6 months before and after SH. QTc intervals of 450 ms or longer in men and 460 ms or longer in women were considered abnormally prolonged.
Results The mean age and diabetes duration were 68.1±12.1 and 14.1±10.1 years, respectively. The mean QTc intervals at baseline and SH episodes were 433±33 and 460±33 ms, respectively (
P <0.001). One hundred and fourteen patients (54.8%) had a prolonged QTc interval during SH. There was a significant decrease in the prolonged QTc interval within 6 months after SH (QTc interval prolongation during SH vs. after recovery, 54.8% vs. 33.8%,P <0.001). The prolonged QTc interval was significantly associated with baseline QTc interval prolongation (odds ratio, 2.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 6.96;P =0.016) after adjusting for multiple confounders.Conclusion A prolonged QTc interval at baseline was significantly associated with prolongation of the QTc interval during SH in patients with T2DM, suggesting the necessity of QTc interval monitoring and attention to those with a prolonged QTc interval to prevent SH.
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Review
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- Risk Factors and Adverse Outcomes of Severe Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Jae-Seung Yun, Seung-Hyun Ko
- Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(6):423-432. Published online October 5, 2016
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.6.423
- 4,630 View
- 82 Download
- 43 Web of Science
- 40 Crossref
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Abstract
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Hypoglycemia has been considered as a major barrier to achieving the proper glycemic target in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. In particular, severe hypoglycemia (SH), which is defined as a hypoglycemic episode requiring the assistance of another person to raise the patient's glucose level, is a serious complication of diabetes because of its possible fatal outcomes. Recently, the recommendations for diabetes care have emphasized a patient-centered approach, considering the individualized patient factors including hypoglycemia. Many studies have been performed which analyzed the risk factors and clinical outcomes for SH. From the studies, researchers recommend that targeting a less stringent glycosylated hemoglobin level and selecting a safer class of drugs for hypoglycemia are appropriate for patients with a high risk of SH. Also, careful clinical attention to prevent hypoglycemia, including intensive education, is necessary to minimize the risk of SH and SH-related fatal outcomes.
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Original Article
- Complications
- Severe Hypoglycemia and Cardiovascular or All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
- Seon-Ah Cha, Jae-Seung Yun, Tae-Seok Lim, Seawon Hwang, Eun-Jung Yim, Ki-Ho Song, Ki-Dong Yoo, Yong-Moon Park, Yu-Bae Ahn, Seung-Hyun Ko
- Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(3):202-210. Published online April 5, 2016
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.3.202
- 4,458 View
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Abstract
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Background We investigated the association between severe hypoglycemia (SH) and the risk of cardiovascular (CV) or all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods The study included 1,260 patients aged 25 to 75 years with type 2 diabetes from the Vincent Type 2 Diabetes Resgistry (VDR), who consecutively enrolled (
n =1,260) from January 2000 to December 2010 and were followed up until May 2015 with a median follow-up time of 10.4 years. Primary outcomes were death from any cause or CV death. We investigated the association between the CV or all-cause mortality and various covariates using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.Results Among the 906 participants (71.9%) who completed follow-up, 85 patients (9.4%) had at least one episode of SH, and 86 patients (9.5%) died (9.1 per 1,000 patient-years). Patients who had died were older, had a longer duration of diabetes and hypertension, received more insulin, and had more diabetic microvascular complications at baseline, as compared with surviving patients. The experience of SH was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39 to 5.02;
P =0.003) and CV mortality (HR, 6.34; 95% CI, 2.02 to 19.87;P =0.002) after adjusting for sex, age, diabetic duration, hypertension, mean glycosylated hemoglobin levels, diabetic nephropathy, lipid profiles, and insulin use.Conclusion We found a strong association between SH and increased risk of all-cause and CV mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Response
- Response: Cardiovascular Disease Predicts Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (
Diabetes Metab J 2015;39:498-506) - Jae-Seung Yun, Yu-Bae Ahn
- Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(1):85-86. Published online February 19, 2016
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.1.85
- 2,746 View
- 29 Download
Original Article
- Complications
- Cardiovascular Disease Predicts Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
- Jae-Seung Yun, Seung-Hyun Ko, Sun-Hye Ko, Ki-Ho Song, Ki-Dong Yoo, Kun-Ho Yoon, Yong-Moon Park, Yu-Bae Ahn
- Diabetes Metab J. 2015;39(6):498-506. Published online July 8, 2015
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.6.498
- 3,225 View
- 34 Download
- 20 Web of Science
- 21 Crossref
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Abstract
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Background To investigate whether a history of prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with severe hypoglycemia (SH) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study from January 2001 to December 2012 with a median follow-up time of 9.5 years (5,814 person-years). Patients aged 25 to 75 years with type 2 diabetes and without chronic kidney disease were enrolled (
n =894), and 624 patients completed follow-up. SH was defined as hypoglycemic episodes requiring hospitalization or medical care in an emergency department. We used the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to test associations between SH episodes and potential explanatory variables.Results Among the 624 participants who completed follow-up, 60 patients (9.6%) had previous CVD. Compared to patients without CVD, patients with previous CVD were older, had a longer duration of diabetes and hypertension, received more insulin, and had more diabetic microvascular complications at baseline. During follow-up, 62 patients (9.9%) experienced at least one SH episode (incidence of 1.33 per 100 patient-years). The development of SH was associated with a history of CVD (hazard ratio, 1.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 3.72;
P =0.031) after adjusting for sex, age, diabetic duration, hypertension, hemoglobin A1c levels, diabetic complications, cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, and insulin use.Conclusion A history of CVD was an independent risk factor for the development of SH in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. For patients with CVD, modulation of glycemic targets and diabetic education for the prevention of hypoglycemia should be implemented.
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Erratum
- Erratum: Author's Name Correction. Diabetic Retinopathy and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Jae-Seung Yun, Seung-Hyun Ko, Ji-Hoon Kim, Keon-Woong Moon, Yong-Moon Park, Ki-Dong Yoo, Yu-Bae Ahn
- Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(6):488-488. Published online December 12, 2013
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.6.488
- 2,690 View
- 23 Download
- 1 Crossref
Response
- Response: Diabetic Retinopathy and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (
Diabetes Metab J 2013;37:262-9) - Jae-Seung Yun, Yu-Bae Ahn
- Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(5):393-394. Published online October 17, 2013
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.5.393
- 2,432 View
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- 1 Crossref
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Effect of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and its combination on human umbilical vein endothelial cells permeability exposed to high concentration of glucose
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Russian Open Medical Journal.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
- Effect of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and its combination on human umbilical vein endothelial cells permeability exposed to high concentration of glucose
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